Digital Twin Technology and Smart Port Operations (Insights from Port Digitalization in Busan)

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technologies has accelerated the transformation of port logistics systems worldwide. Ports are increasingly adopting advanced digital solutions to improve operational efficiency, enhance logistics coordination, and support the development of smart port ecosystems. One of the emerging technologies driving this transformation is digital twin technology, which enables the creation of virtual representations of physical port infrastructure and logistics operations using real-time data. This study aims to explore the role of digital twin technology in supporting smart port operations through the context of port digitalization at the Port of Busan. The study adopts a case study approach to examine how digital twin systems are implemented in port logistics environments and how stakeholders perceive their impact on operational management. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in port operations, supported by document analysis of port digitalization initiatives and industry reports. The findings reveal that digital twin technology enhances port operational efficiency by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive simulation, and data-driven decision-making in port management. The study also highlights the role of digital twin platforms in improving resource allocation and strengthening collaboration among port stakeholders. However, the implementation of digital twin systems presents challenges related to technological integration, infrastructure investment, and workforce capability development. This research contributes to the growing literature on smart port development and provides insights for port authorities and logistics managers seeking to implement digital twin technologies in port logistics systems.